Šelmy (obecné znaky)

Šelmy medvědovité

V chrupu šelem vynikají velikostí čtyři špičáky. Medvěd hnědý je největší evropská šelma. V zimě medvěd upadá do nepravého;slabého zimního spánku, ze kterého se občas probouzí. Mohutné, ostré a špičaté stoličky nebo třenové zuby v chrupu šelem se nazývají trháky.
Šelmy jsou v drtivé většině draví živočichové. Takové živočichy obecně označujeme pojmem predátoři.V Severní Americe žije poddruh medvěda hnědého nazývaný "medvěd šedý" neboli grizzly. Medvěd lední má žlutavě bílou, až bílou srst. Oblíbenou potravou medvěda hnědého je med divokých včel. Hlavní kořistí medvěda ledního jsou tuleni a ryby.
Šelmy psovité

Za čenichem psa rostou hmatové vousy. Nejdokonalejším smyslem psovitých šelem je čich a někdy také sluch. Vlčí rodina (společenství) se nazývá smečka. Naší nejhojnější psovitou šelmou je liška obecná. Vzácně se u nás objevuje také vlk.
Páření psů je chovateli nazýváno krytí. Pes pochází z vlka jeho ochočením a zdomácněním. Mezi menší psovité šelmy patří například šakali žijící v jižní Evropě, v Asii a v Africe. Způsobem života se jim podobají kojoti obývající Severní Ameriku. Pro svou kvalitní dlouhou a hustou kožešinu;srst se u nás občas chová liška polární.
Šelmy kočkovité a lasicovité

Kočka má zatažitelné drápy. Naše největší lasicovitá šelma je jezevec lesní. Nejdokonalejším smyslem kočky je sluch. Ze smyslu má kočka nejlépe vyvinutý zrak a sluch. Naopak v porovnání se psem má podstatně horší čich.
Jediná kočkovitá šelma, která nemá zatažitelná drápy, je gepard. Největší jihoamerickou kočkovitou šelmou je jaguár skvrnitý. Tygr žije pouze v Asii, zatímco lev žije převážně v Africe. Z kočkovitých šelem u nás žije rys ostrovid (evropský) a kočka divoká.
Naše nejmenší šelma je lasice kolčava. Mezi naše lasicovité šelmy patří i tchoř tmavý, který je pověstný tím, že se proti nepřátelům brání pronikavě páchnoucí tekutinou. Zdomácnělá forma tchoře je známá pod názvem fretka.
Z našich lasicovitých šelem je k životu ve vodě uzpůsobena vydra říční. Lasicovité šelmy nemají zatažitelné drápy. Kuna našlapuje jen na prsty, proto je její chůze velmi tichá.
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